Roofing.



0. A. BIGLER. ROOFING.

APPLICATION man JULY a. law

l'zltuntui NM. 1.). H315 Fifi.

ttn asses:

@ M EQL /MZ/ 4 M citizen of the United States,

I new and useful Improvements in Roofing,

UNITED STATEs n rENT OFFICE.

OSCAR A. BIGLEB, OF WYOMING, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE PHILIP CAREY MANUFAC- TUBING COMPA'N Y, 0F CINCINNATI,

OHIOQA CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ROOFING.

application filed July 6, 1933 To alLw'lwm it may concern c it known that I, Oscnn A. Biomin, a and a residci'it of Cincinnati, in thecounty of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have inventcd certain of which the following is a lovers or plies with the successive widths of faiuic overlapping; and especially in such construction where the fabric has combined with it a suitable impregnating and coating in which case, my invention has for one of its objects the assurance of greater continuity of the impregnating and coating bod t roughout the structure: Other objects will more fully appear in the ensuing description.

y invention consists in the improved roof construction and in the details of said construction and the arrangement of its parts and in the improved roofing fabric as a new article of manufacture, all of which will he more fully described and claimed herein.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a perspective View of the up per part of a small building with its roof in a partial stage of completion according to my invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section of part of the roof shown in Fig. 1 in its completed condition;

Fig. 3 is a partial cross section much enlarged;

Fig. 4 is a perspective View of a roll of fabric partly unrolled; and

Fig. 5 1s a smaller perspective view roll of the fabric in rolled-up and closed condition ready for storage, transportation and sale.

The type of roof construction in which my invention is involved is well known and dily recognized upon inspection 3. Upon the sheathin or cave 2 thereof is laid a narrow sti 1p 3 of fabric. Over this and also alon this on the laid a third strip ipccmcation of Letters Patent.

.sive full widths Patented Nov. 19, 1918. Serial. No. 243,608

5 three timesas wide as the first strip 3; so that the upper ouc-third oi this strip 5 thus laps out upon the sheathing 1. Then a fourth strip (3 four times as wide as the first strip 3 is laid over the strip 5; so that tlu; upper onci'ourth of its width laps out upon the sheathing 1. flu mac-tire. the fahric is su )plied in one width only. 1'. 1 that of the strip 6; and the narrowest strip is obtained by cuttinga full width of the fab ruthroughout its length one-fourth of'the way across from one edge; so that the other thrr-wi'iuu'ths of the width thus left makes the strip 5. Two strips 4- are made by cut ting the Full width of fabric along its middle throughout its length. These strips of varviug widths thus cut and laid, as descrihed, make the roof ready for the succes- 7 like the strip 13; the first being laid to lap down over thrcc-fourths of the Width of the strip (3 entirely along the roof, and the next. one lapping over threefourths of the width of this strip 7, and so on, until the other side or comb oi the roof is approached. 'lhen when so much of this fabric has been laid that the lust width laid brings its edge close to the comb or other edge of the roof, :1 tlircwquarter width strip 8 is laid; then a half strip 9 and finally a quarter strip 10.

This process of laying the fabric rcadily described and uiulcrsmtul. But, in practice, except with the most skilled and care ful workmen, there is considerable waste in cutting the strips of various widths required at beginning and finishlng of a given roof area, as Well as due tothe inaccuracy of the lapping. The object of laying the roof in this Way is to have it, when com.- plctcd, of exactly four ply thickness throughout,- 1'. c., so that there will be no part of its area which, it cut squarely through would show more than four thickmesses of the fabric; and at the same time have the succeeding strips of fabric overlapped to the maximum degree permitted by this overlapped four-ply method of laying. In short, the re uirement is that the exposed edge of euc overlapped strip should exactly coincide with the overlapped edge of the fourth preceding strip, so that between these two edges there will be three thicknesses of fabric and extendin in both directions from the plane in which these two edges coincide there will be four thick nesscs of fabric. If these edges do not thus coincide. and the inaccuracy is in the direction of lapping one over the other. then there is this much of the roof with live thicknesses of fabric. and therefore a use of more material than the plans or specifications call for. and presumably that much wasted nut-- terial. ()n the other hand. if the iuaecuriu-y is in the other direction. there is this much of the roof with only three thicknesses of material, so that the roof is inferior in this respect and does not comply with the plans or specifications. Moreover. any workman laying such a roof with any approach to such accuracy s is required. will spend considerable time in trying and trimming and adjusting the rarious layers, so that the expense of laying the roof is considerable. if such waste of material or inferitu'ity of the completed roof is to be avoided.

'hen all of the fabric has been laid. which is preferably a felt impregnated with a suitable substance. preferably bituminous substance or tar. the entire exposed surface is given a coating of such substance. In fact. in general practi e. the wooden sheath iug 1 i covered with sheet material 1'. which is coated with the substance, and the surface of each strip is coated with the substance before the next succeeding strip is laid thereon. The result is that the completed fabric structure. has under it and all through the interstices between its layer-sand all over it a more or less continuous body of this impregnating or coating substance as is shown in Fig. 3, where the transverse heavy lines indicate. the interstitial substance. The, object. of course. is to render the roof moisture-resisting in as high a degree as possible. and also to bind together the various pieces of fabrid thus laid. It will be, understood that the fabric is fastened down by any suitable well-known means, generally with nails.

In order to overcome the difficulties just pointed out. as well as to increase the con tinuity of the impregnation and coating, 1 provide a roofing fabric of tarred felt or any other desired rooting material in sheet form which is preferably, although not necessarily, exible, with a plurality of perforations so tarranged as to act. as indices for the cutting and lapping of the successive strips of fabric. and which. when the structure is completed. will be filled with the impregnating (hcoating substance and permit the bodies of substance in these perforations to thus bind together the layers of the substance on the opposite sides of the perforated sheet.

Such a sheet or strip 11 is clearly shown in Fig. 4-.i The perforations 12 are preferably triailgular and are arranged throughout the lefngth of the sheet 11 in three different alitnements, 13 at the middle and 14 and 15 half way from the middle to respectire longitudinal edges of the sheet 11. Preferably. the triangular openings 12 are all so positioned that one side of the triangle lies along the line in which the perforations of the. particular series are arranged, as just described; and ncferably the triangles all. point toward one edge of the sheet which will be the edge placed uppermost on the roof. The object of this particular Wrangement of the perforations 1; relative to their triangular shapes and, indeed. of making them triangular. is their better functioning as indices. It will be understood. however. that the particular shape of the perforations or relative positions with respect to any particular shape. is" not essential to the broad conception of my in rention.

'lhese perforations 12 are spaced about twice as far apart in their respective series.

as the series is spaced from the edge of the sheet or from an adjacent. series: and. preferably, those of the middle series 13 come hall way between those of the outer series 11 and 15 with respect to longitudinal spaces. That is to say. the perforations are staggered. This particular arrangement also is merely preferable and not essential.

\Yith these perforations thus provided in three series defining four longitudinal divisions of the strip or sheet 11, the workman may very readily cut off one-fourth of the strip throughout its length by following either the series ll or the series 15. or he may cut the strip into two equal parts throughout its length by following the series 13. If the perforations 12 ale triangular and have their straight sides along the lines which they indicate. the indication is a little more clear than if these perforations are round or of other shape, or if they are triangular and with their points along the line of cutting. Also. when the sheet is out along these straight edges of the triangular perforations 12, the edge of the strip left with the perforations is of better shape since it will have wide open notches rather than imperfectly closed ones which would result from cutting into the points of the triangles. The same guidanceis afforded by these various series of perforations 12 when the edge of one sheet is to be lapped over a preceding sheet, according to the well-known method hereinbefore described. The workman may very readily unroll the material. so that its edge coincides with the straight sides of the triangular openings 12 in the series 15. The overlapping sheet thus covers these perforations in this series and 'also the perforations in the other two series 13 and 14.

The preceding sheet having been coated with the impregnating or coating material 6 (Fi 3) bodies 17 of this material will have filled all of the perforations 12 in all of the series 13, 14 and 15 of this preceding is; rim-f g.

iii? 1? nxfvmlin The himmatx all of the Elm puii'm'unmm.

layers, hut in through the ronf structure: by the 11101 811.U-l'(i l -fill' and llfM stance 16 in u nmvh Emil-1 this subsl'nnw is moi'viv the flat miz'i'nrhw (Pf tlw eniplwved.

It will he now} l'huf am exposed on the ronaplolml (ivory lnyvr up w the his! mm lll ii, zaimiv nvm'lap all of the vxplwml gjlii'himi inn; prccvding hiym: Tlw ill irregular the rmnplvlml sh'nntmiw ali e 11w overlapl'iing cilgw \shivh ha formation like shinghw Tim i nall cnuleil with the snl ahmw l inhvfore nllmlml r0.

Phimlw us llvn my invi-ntimv what Ii Fire to ZGL'YIH'J:

1. A 11 longitud na ill equal L vvm'ibly (if in mm; M i'lw l6 when lhne; he ilirmily fl 540mm? as will be rmu'lilv under limqgi i iv n sin min? wrin :1

A liilih in providing a longitudinally alined series or perforations in a roofing material at a re quired interval across said material and laying' some parts of said 'inaterial to overlap other parts thereof with the edges of the overlapping parts harelv overlapping the alined perforations of the overlapped part9.

12. The method of roofing which consists in providing a longitudinally alined series of perforations in a roofing material at a required interval aeroeh said material, and laying some part-a of said material tooverlap other parts thereof with the edgesof the overlapping parts barely overlapping the alined perforations of the overlapped parts and, in eonjnnetimi with the laying operation, applying a coating substance between the overlapping parts and in said perforations.

13. The method of rooting which ('()I\. 'l$ll5 in providing longitudinally alined series of perforations in a roofing material at required intervals across said material, cutting some parts of said material along a longitudinally alined hil'lBS of [wrfm'alione tl'lt ltfl'l and buying some parta oi said material to overlap other pal-ta thereof with the edge; of the overlapping parts barely ovefila ping the ahned perforations of the overlapped parts.

4,. The method of roofing which (,{TilSlwlH in providing limgitudinally alined series oli' PQI'fOliliiUllS in a roofing material at required intervals across said material, eutting Home parts. of said material along a longitudinally alined series of perforations there of. and laying some partrv of said material to overlap other parte thereof avith the edges of the overlapping parts hareljv overlapping the alined perforations of the overlapped parts, anrh in eonjunetion with the laying; operation, applying a eoating bnhstanre iletween the overlapping parts and in said per- 'l'orations.

(NOAH A. BIULER. \V itneases James N. RAMSEY} larzxr. PARKER. 

